{"id":406,"date":"2021-10-01T15:56:25","date_gmt":"2021-10-01T13:56:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/?p=406"},"modified":"2021-10-01T15:56:25","modified_gmt":"2021-10-01T13:56:25","slug":"mapping-the-application-of-ai-to-manufacturing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/mapping-the-application-of-ai-to-manufacturing\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapping the Application of AI to Manufacturing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\"><div class=\"bs-vc-wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_column bs-vc-column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-786a1ad1d403e1f\"><div class=\"bs-vc-wrapper wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  bs-vc-block\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p><strong>AI is often touted as the &ldquo;next big thing&rdquo; in manufacturing, after the Industry 4.0 revolution. Where will it come from, where will it be implemented, what impacts will it have?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After decades in which AI was always 5-10 years from being implemented in the real world, in the past decade that promise has finally begun to be seen. From computer vision for automatic monitoring of the factory floor <a href=\"#sources\">[4]<\/a>, to predicting likely outcomes of genetic manipulations in synthetic biology <a href=\"#sources\">[3]<\/a> , the potential impact of AI in manufacturing is immense. This evolution of manufacturing will involve a variety of underlying AI technologies (computer vision, various forms of machine learning, intelligence support for human decision-making, etc.) as well as targetted applied research for specific types of application. In addition to the technical research there is research in business management and economics. The legal, ethical and social implications also need attention. Some industries are more likely to have early adopters than others. Governments will be involved, from funding much of the fundamental research, and some of the applied research and innovation activity, through industrial policy and regulation. An initial overview of this landscape is presented below.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Underlying Technologies<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both software and hardware technologies are involved in the application of AI to manufacturing activity. Some of the most common types of hardware and software are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Software<\/span>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machine Learning<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Language Processing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Computer Vision<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hardware<\/span>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Robots<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IoT<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cameras<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><h4>Applications<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While almost all aspects of manufacturing could potentially be enhanced by the use of AI, some aspects are more advanced than others in the development of relevant applications than others. Some of those with currently applicable applications available are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machinery Observation<\/span>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintenance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Safety<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Materials Observation<\/span>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inputs (raw materials\/components)<\/span>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quality Checks<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Logistics<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Outputs (products)<\/span>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quality Checks<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Logistics<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product Design<\/span>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using Customer Data<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using Market Data<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Product Utility<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Physical Form<\/span>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Aesthetics<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Functional Utility<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production Planning<\/span>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using Customer Data<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using Production Data<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using Supplier Data<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physical Security<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cybersecurity<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><h4>Industries<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While all manufacturing industries could potentially benefit from AI applications, some are more likely than others to be amongst the early adopters. These include ones with an already advanced level of automation, particularly early adopters of Industry 4.0 approaches, and those for which the benefits are larger and more easily attained, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Automobiles, e.g. Industry 4.0 machine data used for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the vehicle assembly production line for efficiency <a href=\"#sources\">[6]<\/a>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Energy\/Power, e.g. Machine Learning applied to cable termination bonding design&nbsp;<a href=\"#sources\"> [1]<\/a>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pharmaceuticals, e.g. Machine Learning for metaboliute identification in drug design <a href=\"#sources\">[5]<\/a>;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heavy Industry (such as Construction equipment manufacturing), e.g. machine vision for early detection of heavy robot manufacturing failures;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food and Beverage, e.g. machine vision for product quality and food safety checking.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul><h4>Mini-Case Study:&nbsp; Deep Learning for Predictive Maintenance for Food Packaging Equipment<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Predictive maintenance involves taking machinery offline and checking parts for wear, replacing lubricants and similar activity before faults occur. As highlighted by the Toyota Production System\/Lean Manufacturing model, allowing a machine to fail can be very costly by shutting down a whole production line unexpectedly. Traditional predictive maintenance tends to use a conservative (short) cycle for maintenance, which involves higher costs up-front in order to avoid the much larger costs of a production line shutdown. Certain industries have particularly high costs if the production line shuts. One of these is the fresh food packaging industry where whole batches of produce may spoil somewhere in the supply chain if the packaging machinery unexpectedly shuts down. Lengthening the time between predictive maintenance periods while maintaining very low risks of machine failure can drastically improve efficiency. In 2019 <a href=\"#sources\">[2]<\/a> reported a robust case study in this area showing the potential benefits of such a system on time-sensitive production lines.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Mini-Case Study:&nbsp; AI in Drug Design Safety<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When drugs are introduced into a human body, as well as the intended impact on the target ordinary processes in the body alter the chemical(s) in the drug into different chemicals (referred to as metabolites). These new chemicals may be harmful. During the drug design process, predictions for the potential metabolites are a key component of identifying potentially safe and efficacious drugs. This prediction process is very complicated and still far from completely understood. Some current research on improving metabolite prediction includes the development of machine-learning approaches to broaden the search for metabolites for candidate drugs <a href=\"#sources\">[5]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  vc_custom_1633096407943 bs-vc-block\" id=\"sources\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #050599;\"><b>Author:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Dr Andrew A. Adams<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #050599;\">Organisation:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.isc.meiji.ac.jp\/~ethicj\/e-about.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Centre for Business Information Ethics Meiji university, Tokyo, Japan<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #050599;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1] Akbal, B. (2020). Artificial intelligence based high voltage cable bonding to prevent cable termination faults. Electric Power Systems Research, 187, 106513.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2] Brunelli, L., Masiero, C., Tosato, D., Beghi, A., &amp; Susto, G. A. (2019). Deep Learning-based Production Forecasting in Manufacturing: a Packaging Equipment Case Study. Procedia Manufacturing, 38, 248-255.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[3] Carbonell, P., Radivojevic, T., &amp; Garcia Martin, H. (2019). Opportunities at the intersection of synthetic biology, machine learning, and automation. ACS Synthetic Biology, 8, 1474&ndash;1477.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[4] Deshpande, A. M., Telikicherla, A. K., Jakkali, V., Wickelhaus, D. A., Kumar, M., &amp; Anand, S. (2020). Computer vision toolkit for non-invasive monitoring of factory floor artifacts. Procedia Manufacturing, 48, 1020&ndash;1028.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5] Litsa, E. E.. Das, P., &amp; kavraki, L. E. (2020). Prediction of drug metabolites using neural machine translation. Chemical Science 47 (11), 12777-12788<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[6 ]Manimuthu, A., Venkatesh, V. G., Raja Sreedharan, V., &amp; Mani, V. (2021). Modelling and analysis of artificial intelligence for commercial vehicle assembly process in VUCA world: a case study. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Production Research<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Advance Electronic Publication, DOI: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207543.2021.1910361\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.1080\/00207543.2021.1910361<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"AI is often touted as the &ldquo;next big thing&rdquo; in manufacturing, after the Industry 4.0 revolution. Where will it come from, where will it be implemented, what impacts will it have? After decades in which AI was always 5-10 years from being implemented in the real world, in the past decade that promise has finally","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[26],"tags":[81,37,83,36,82],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/406"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=406"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":410,"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/406\/revisions\/410"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eu-japan.ai\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}